Елементи режиму виконання та відбування покарань як складові забезпечення безпеки засуджених та персоналу установ виконання покарань

Abstract

У статті розглянуто елементи режиму виконання та відбування покарання як складові безпеки в установах виконання покарань. Надано визначення ізоляції засуджених. Підкреслено значення роздільного тримання різних категорій засуджених. Визначено мету та завдання нагляду за засудженими. Виокремлено основні недоліки, які негативно позначаються на забезпеченні безпеки засуджених та персоналу. The article discusses the elements of regime of execution and serving of sentences as security components in penitentiary institutions. Determination of convicts` isolation is provided in the article as deprivation of physical liberty by placing convicts in penitentiary institutions (correctional or educational colonies) for a term fixed by a court that emplyes being on a guarded territory, restriction of convicts in freedom to choose social communication and their socially beneficial relations with persons who are at large, right to free movement, choice of place of residence, nature and occupation at their discretion. The importance of separate detention facilities of different convicts` categories is emphasized. The purpose and tasks of supervision of convicts are defined. It is emphasized that the main problem in ensuring the security of convicts is the uncertainty of conditions of their detention in the legislation. Practical studies have shown that the conditions of convicts` detention have not changed, only the name of "block-type buildings" has changed, and it is also stated that according to European practice, the block type of convict`s detention implies that it houses single cells for convicts and other facilities for the common convicts` use (cooking food, sports, facilities for self-education, etc.), where the convicts are in the daytime, when there is sufficient strength and means to supervise them and ensure their security. At night and in the evening convicts are in single (closed) cells. In national penitentiary institutions, they are held both at night and in the daytime together. It is stated that the national legislation needs reform in the sphere of material support of convicts, it is necessary to clearly define what is a "block type of convicts` detention", to move from the Soviet colonial system of detention to a single (room) one at night.