Соціальні права людини і громадянина та їх державне забезпечення

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано питання прав і свобод людини та громадянина, зокрема соціальних прав, закріплених у Конституції України. Обґрунтовано, що права людини і громадянина зумовлені сучасним рівнем та характером світової цивілізації. Проведено розмежування об’єктивного і суб’єктивного права, яке вказує на належність права певному суб’єкту, на його юридично визнані можливості. Акцентовано увагу на те, що матеріальна сутність соціальних прав громадян України залежить від стану і характеру суспільних відносин, рівня розвитку економіки, соціального процесу в цілому.

The article analyzes the problematic issues of Ukrainian citizens’ social rights and freedoms realization enshrined in the Basic Law. It is grounded that human rights and citizenship are conditioned by the current level and character of world civilization. In modern period Ukraine is formed as a democratic, social and legal state. An important direction of the state process is to ensure the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, taking into account intergovernmental standards. Not a person for the state, but a state for a person. It is a formula that should be guided by all bodies and officials in everyday activities. Social and state-legal mechanism of the country should be aimed at creating conditions that would ensure a decent standard of living and free development of every citizen. The article states that human rights are a historical phenomenon. They were the subject of the study of many scholars of the distant past and the period of bourgeois revolutions, and especially of the 20th and the 21st centuries, when the main international documents on the issues under consideration were adopted. The Constitution of Ukraine has consolidated the basic rights, freedoms and duties of citizens at the highest level. Lawyers categorized them into groups. Thus, social rights include the right to work (Article 43), the right to strike (Article 44), the right to rest (Article 45), the right to social protection (Article 46), the right to housing (Article 47), the right to adequate housing (Article 48), the right to health (Article 49), the right to safe environment and health (Article 50) and a number of other social rights deriving from the basic ones. The concept of “human rights” is considered. The terms “objective law” and “subjective right” are analyzed. The first means that legal norms acquired their objectification in official state acts. “Subjective” indicates the right to belong to a particular subject. Material essence of Ukrainian citizens’ social rights shows their dependence on the state and nature of social relations, the structure of society, the level of economic development, science, culture, social process in general. The state of development of Ukrainian statehood shows that for 27 years the level of social rights in the country has sharply decreased, the gross domestic product was not very high. Based on the research, the following conclusions were made: - the Concept of rights of a person and a citizen is predetermined by the modern level and character of world civilization. It based on the rich experience of humanity in the field of people’s public life legal organization, legal ways of regulating their behavior; - real ratio of citizens’ rights; - rights of a person and a citizen are universal and supranational and relevant to each person; - material essence of social rights of Ukrainian citizens shows their dependence on social relations, the structure of society, the level of economic development, social progress in general; - the state of Ukrainian citizens’ social rights ensuring is at a low level in comparison with the countries of Europe.