Кримінальна субкультура як фонове явище в установах виконання покарань України

Abstract

У статті розглянута проблема кримінальної субкультури як фонового явища в установах виконання покарань. Зазначено, шо кримінальна субкультура серед засуджених – це неофіційна система норм, цінностей, правил поведінки і традицій, яка існує з радянської доби в середовищі не тільки тих, хто відбуває покарання в місцях несвободи, а й серед тих, хто вже повернувся в суспільство. Доведено, що кримінальна субкультура часто суперечить національному законодавству та правилам внутрішнього розпорядку дня в установах виконання покарань ДКВС України. The article notes that criminal subculture and its manifestations among convicted persons in penal institutions of the State Criminal-Executive Service of Ukraine (hereinafter — penal institutions of the SCES of Ukraine) are considered by the author as a phenomenon that was formed among convicts as early as the Soviet period. What is particularly noteworthy is that it is not influenced by prohibitions imposed by the administration and staff. It represents a kind of way for convicts to adapt to extreme conditions, to ensure self-protection, and to establish a certain order where ordinary social norms are violated. In general, in criminological science, domestic scholars consider criminal subculture in the penal institutions of the SCES of Ukraine as a special system of norms, rules of behavior, values, jargon, and traditions characteristic of convicts serving sentences or existing within a criminal environment. This background phenomenon is formed within criminal groups and transmitted among their members from generation to generation. Criminal subculture affects not only the style of communication between convicts and the staff of penal institutions, but also behavior during the serving of sentences, attitudes toward internal regulations, and the norms of criminal-executive legislation. Importantly, it also contributes to maintaining internal discipline and hierarchy within criminal circles. The article demonstrates that criminal subculture as a background phenomenon often contradicts national legislation and the internal rules of penal institutions of the SCES of Ukraine. The determinants of manifestations of subculture among convicts in the penal institutions of the SCES of Ukraine are identified as follows: isolation from society for committing a criminal offense; hierarchy and the need for security and protection of rights and freedoms; and prolonged stay within a closed collective.