Каригідні ділання проти моралі за Австрійським Кримінальним кодексом 1852 р.

Abstract

У статті розглянуто та проаналізовано норми Австрійського Кримінального кодексу 1852 р., що встановлювали кримінальну відповідальність за вчинення злочинів та проступків проти суспільної моралі. Проведено порівняльний аналіз цих положень з аналогічними нормами чинного Кримінального кодексу України, а також з відповідними положеннями кримінального законодавства закордонних країн. На підставі проведеного дослідження обґрунтовано особливу важливість суспільної моралі як об’єкта кримінально-правової охорони на території Західної України у другій половині ХІХ ст. The article is devoted to one of section Austrian Criminal Code 1852 (was valid on West Ukraine territory in second part of XIX century) – offences against moral. Civil moral one of the most important part of social life, which is reflection of life and spirit values of this society at some particular historical periods. It also set up the rules which transform into national criminal legislation. Austrian Criminal Code 1852 was researched by such domestic scientists as I. Boyko, V. Kulchytsky, M. Nikiforak M. Shupyan and others. Depending on the seriousness of offences in Austrian Criminal Code there were serious crimes, crimes and misconducts. For the first kind of offences applied death penalty or imprisonment. Crimes and misconducts punished by penalties, confiscation of property, deprivation of rights etc. Section crimes against moral had included serious crimes like rape, defilement, sexual intercourse with animals and homosexual act, incest, debauchery and others. Another interesting fact, the victim of rape could be only woman which isn't married with rapist. Also the section has several misconducts, namely, procuring, adultery, stealing inside the family and embezzlement, swearing, gambling, drunkenness etc. For some debauchery misconducts responsibility came only upon request of close relatives of victim person. Some of articles are compared with the same legal provisions of modern Criminal Code of Ukraine and criminal legislation some of European countries, considered the similarities and differences. Special feature of Austrian Criminal Code 1852 is most of above-mentioned offenses which usually belongs to sexual crimes here had been put inside the section offenses against moral. Thus, legislator recognized main object of violation is public moral. In view of the above authors infer those criminal provisions of Austrian Criminal Code 1852 whish set up responsible for offences against moral was match to “spirit of the age” and advanced for that time.