Репродуктивне насильство як форма домашнього насильства

Abstract

Стаття присвячена дослідженню науково-теоретичних та прикладних аспектів репродуктивного насильства як форми домашнього насильства. Зроблено акценти на систематизацію виявів та форм домашнього насильства, більш детальному аналізі виявів окремих форм репродуктивного насильства. Окремо охарактеризовано питання протидії репродуктивному насильству як формі домашнього насильства з боку держави та її відповідних інституцій, адже це сфера приватних інтересів, яка особливо регулюється відповідними нормами, що балансує на межі приватних та суспільних інтересів. The article covers the research of scientific-theoretical and applied aspects of reproductive violence as a form of domestic violence. The reproductive violence is noted to encroach on the private interests of individuals in the field of family planning, the ability to make decisions regarding reproductive and sexual health and their own bodies. The object of reproductive violence, as a form of domestic violence, is reproductive rights. In most cases, victims of reproductive violence are more often women, but in some cases, men too. The article emphasizes the systematization of manifestations and forms of domestic violence, a more detailed analysis of the manifestations of individual forms of reproductive violence. In particular, such as: 1) pregnancy control (control of a woman’s menstrual cycle and insistence on a visit to a gynecologist to control ovulation; moral pressure and coercion regarding the birth or non-birth of a child; insistence on sterilization and the use of contraceptives; women’s lack of access to contraceptives; coercion to have an abortion (in including selective) or banning it; intrusive questions about planning the birth of children); 2) sabotage of birth control (refusal of contraception without the partner’s knowledge); 3) the use of traditions and practices that harm reproductive health (female circumcision, child marriages, etc.); 4) sexual violence (sexual harassment; sexual cruelty; sexual abuse through manipulation, control, alcohol or drug intoxication). The article showed examples from the history of mankind, when states not only tolerated domestic violence in general and reproductive violence in general, but also committed acts of such violence. The issue of combating reproductive violence, as a form of domestic violence, by the state and its relevant institutions is separately characterized, because it is a sphere of private interests, which is especially regulated by the relevant norms, balancing on the border of private and public interests.