Запобігання вчиненню правопорушень засудженими із психічними відхиленнями в установах виконання покарань

Abstract

У статті висвітлено проблемні питання організації виконання покарання у виді позбавлення волі щодо засуджених із психічними відхиленнями в межах осудності та обмеженої осудності. На підставі проведеного аналізу наукової літератрури, спираючись на результати власних досліджень, визначено закономірності криміногенного впливу психічних порушень. Розглянуто характерні ознаки, що визначають засуджених із психічними відхиленнями як окремої складної та специфічної категорії. Проведено аналіз заходів запобігання вчиненню засудженими вказаної категорії кримінальних правопорушень та дисциплінарних проступків. Particular issues related to the prevention of committing criminal offenses and disciplinary misdemeanors by convicts with mental disorders within the limits of sanity and limited sanity are highlighted in the article. The analysis of characteristic peculiarities of convicts with mental disorders as a separate complex and specific category is carried out. Some components of criminal-legal and criminal-executive characteristics of convicts with mental disorders are considered, which are the basis for determining the type, nature and intensity of measures to prevent committing offenses by convicts. It has been revealed that this category of convicts is characterized by criminal specialization in crimes against property, crimes against person’s life and health and crimes in the field of drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors and other crimes against public health. The analysis of the main directions of prevention committing criminal offenses and disciplinary misdemeanors by convicts of the specified category is carried out. The main ones are the following: prevention of getting prohibited items into penal institutions; creation of a favorable psychological microclimate in collectives of convicts with mental disorders, minimization of stressors and ensuring their early detection and elimination; combination of measures aimed at re-socialization of convicts with medical and rehabilitation measures; involvement of convicts with mental disorders in special rehabilitation programs; mandatory involvement of psychiatrists in the investigation of disciplinary misdemeanors committed by convicts with mental disorders; application of individual forms of social and psychological work towards the mentioned category of convicts, due to the need to use specific forms of influence associated with the existing mental disorder; restoration and strengthening of existing socially useful ties, involvement of relatives and friends in the process of convicts’ re-socialization; carrying out systematic measures of educational, regime nature, constant control over convicts’ behavior and its correction by the staff of penal institutions.