Кримінологічна характеристика та запобігання насильницьким злочинам в Україні

Abstract

У статті надано кримінологічну характеристику насильницьким злочинам. Проаналізовано стан та структуру насильницької злочинності в Україні, охарактеризовано її детермінанти в сучасному суспільстві. Розглянуто основні заходи превенції насильницьких злочинів, такі як правове виховання та організаційно-управлінські заходи; взято до уваги, що деякі кримінально-правові норми потребують удосконалення і посилення відповідальності за вчинення насильницьких діянь. The article provides a brief criminological description of violent crimes. The latest publications on selected issues, the state and structure of violent crime in Ukraine are analyzed. The determinants of violent crime in modern society are characterized. When considering the content of the specially-criminological prevention of violence in Ukraine, the measures for the prevention of violence are identified and distributed, which at one time can be divided into legal, organizational, managerial, educational, enlightening and victimological measures. The behavior of a person who commits violent crimes and the main behavioral trends are highlighted. The main measures to prevent violent crimes, such as legal education and organizational and managerial measures, are examined in detail. Considering that some criminal law standards need to be improved with responsibility for committing violent acts, for example, the establishment of permanent administrative supervision. The social prevention of violent crimes is characterized, the problem of latent crime is highlighted. The correlation of the concepts of “prevention” of violent activity in Ukraine is described, the concept of legal education as an integral part of general civic education is defined to some extent. Some ways are proposed such as to improve the regulation of the organization of effective post-prison supervision of persons who have committed violent crimes in connection with the fact that they mainly belong to the category of persons with an unstable nature, who are able in some areas to show themselves on the positive side, in others on the negative. The “restorative” approach is considered when solving situations of less severe violence; victimological measures are considered and systematized, depending on the goals of the preventive effect; some individual measures to prevent violent crimes in Ukraine are highlighted. Therefore, it can be noted that for today’s violent crimes in Ukraine there is a very global issue that needs enough time to solve, the main direction for reducing such crime should be: studying the identity of a criminal, his behavior, informing people to reduce the level of victim behavior. If we take into account the legislation, then in the field of violent crimes there is also a need to introduce significant changes in sanctions both in the post-prison period and the involvement of social services.