Історичний та аксіологічний підходи як елемент методології правознавства

Abstract

У статті досліджено значення історичного та аксіологічного підходів у сучасному правознавстві. Розкрито сутність історичного підходу як засобу осмислення права в контексті його генези, соціокультурної зумовленості та еволюції правових форм. Проаналізовано внесок історичної школи права у подолання догматичного формалізму. Обґрунтовано необхідність поєднання історичного й аксіологічного підходів для формування етично орієнтованого, саморефлексивного правознавства.

The article explores the significance of historical and axiological approaches in modern jurisprudence as a reaction to the crisis of normative thinking that ignores the value and historical dimension of law. The essence of the historical approach as a means of understanding law in the context of its genesis, social and cultural conditioning, and the evolution of legal forms, is revealed. The necessity to combine historical and axiological approaches for the formation of an ethically oriented, self-reflective jurisprudence capable of critically evaluating current legislation and contributing to the establishment of the rule of law is substantiated. The combination of historical and axiological approaches forms complex methodological boundaries that allow not only to describe and systematize law, but also to critically understand it. This approach allows a lawyer to think not only in terms of legal technique, but also in terms of legitimacy, value justification, and historical relevance of law. It is summarized that modern jurisprudence requires rethinking of its own methodological principles, in particular, by setting off from the normative paradigm that has long dominated in legal science. The historical and axiological approaches, each in its own way, return law to its origins – as a product of cultural experience and a carrier of basic social values. Their combination opens up prospects for a deeper, critical, and holistic understanding of law not only as a system of norms, but as a phenomenon rooted in the collective memory and moral order of society. The actualization of these approaches not only enriches legal methodology, but also contributes to the establishment of the rule of law based on respect for dignity, historical continuity and ethical meaning of law.