Окремі питання в розслідуванні втеч засуджених з місць позбавлення волі

Abstract

Визначено основні особливості розслідування злочинів проти правосуддя, що вчиняються шляхом порушення порядку відбування покарання або попереднього ув’язнення, зокрема, вчинення втеч з місць несвободи. Розкрито типові слідчі ситуації початкового етапу розслідування таких злочинів, з’ясовано відповідні їм алгоритми дій співробітників установ виконання покарань. Розслідування втеч засуджених з установ виконання покарань вимагає від слідчого проведення допитів свідків, які можуть бути поділені на декілька груп. По-перше, це співробітники установи виконання покарання, працівники підприємств, установ, організацій, куди підозрюваний був направлений для відбування покарання. По-друге, це інші засуджені, що відбували покарання разом з підозрюваним. По-третє, це родичі підозрюваного та особи, з якими він підтримував соціальні зв’язки. Вказані особи можуть надати інформацію про спосіб життя підозрюваного, його зв’язки. Проте під час проведення слідчих дій виникає ускладнення, пов’язане з правдивістю їхньої інформації. The main peculiarities of investigating crimes against justice, which are committed by violating the order of serving sentence or pre-trial detention, are determined. In particular, it is the escape from the places of deprivation of liberty. Typical investigative situations of the initial stage of investigation are disclosed. It is determined that at the first stage of the investigation of crimes committed by violating the order of serving sentence or pre-trial detention the following typical situations of investigation are distinguished: a person who committed a criminal offense has been defined, but is hiding from the bodies of pre-trial investigation or takes other active measures to counter the investigation. Such situation is characterized as conflicting and requires considerable efforts from an investigator in order to overcome it; a person who committed a crime is defined, admits guilty and helps to conduct an investigation. This investigative situation is characterized by the largest amount of information on the circumstances of a crime and, accordingly, is favorable in order to conduct investigation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the process of investigation of such crimes requires an investigator to conduct questioning of witnesses, who can be divided into several groups. Firstly, they are the employees of penal institution, staff of enterprises, institutions, organizations, where a suspect was sent for serving a sentence. Investigators during their interrogation may get forensically meaningful information about the method of committing a crime, the time and place of violating order of serving a sentence, measures of stimulating behavior that were applied to a convict, the possible location of a person who escaped. Secondly, these are other convicts serving their sentences together with a suspect. Thirdly, these are suspect’s relatives, and those whom he supported social connections with. The indicated persons can provide information about suspect’s way of life and his connections. However, when conducting investigative actions there is a difficulty connected with the truthfulness of their information. The author determined criminological peculiarity of the investigation of convicts’ escapes from the places of deprivation of liberty (Article 393 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). It was found out that at the beginning it was necessary to determine whether there was a fact of a socially dangerous act of convict’s self willed and unlawful leaving of the place of deprivation of liberty, since in some cases staging of the escape can be used in order to conceal other crimes. The next step was the necessity to establish whether the crime was over, that is, whether a convict got an opportunity to escape from the place of deprivation of liberty, or his criminal act was terminated at the stage of preparation or attempt. The next element was to determine the time of escape and causal connection with other crimes committed both at the territory of the place of deprivation of liberty and outside it; to reveal the witnesses of the escape; to reveal and to fix the traces of a crime by conducting a survey of the place of the event in time; to carry out operational-search and restraint measures in order to obtain information aimed at quick disclosure of a crime in time.