Формування підходів до працевикористання засуджених із врахуванням міжнародного досвіду

Abstract

Статтю присвячено узагальненню міжнародного досвіду працевикористання засуджених та можливостей його застосування в кримінально виконавчій системі України. Акцентовано увагу, що всі досліджені пенітенціарні системи працю визнають одним із дієвих засобів виправлення і реінтеграції засуджених. Визначено, що в досліджених пенітенціарних системах єдиним пріоритетним підходом до засуджених, які відбувають покарання у виправних закладах, є дотримання міжнародних стандартів їх утримання, а практика організації виробничої діяльності, сфера і форма участі у процесах матеріального виробництва, її оплата має специфічні особливості.

The peculiarities to the formation of approaches to labor use of convicts according to international experience are revealed in the article. It has been established since the middle of the 20th century, with the appearance of international organizations, standards of treatment with convicts and prisoners, aimed at adhering to human dignity and humane attitude towards a person, recognized by all Penitentiary Systems of the world, have been changed. No country sets the task of economic self-sufficiency of Penitentiary System, which complies with the Article 72 of the Standard Minimum Rules and the Paragraph 72.2 of the European Prison Rules. The organization of convicts’labor is regulated by international documents, is recognized by Penitentiary Systems of many countries, and only professional training can beits alternative.The convicts’ labor activity in correctional institutions is an effective means of its re-integration that promotes the development of labor skills and provides for mastering of new professions. However, the practice of organizing of production activity, the participation sphere and form of convicts in labor activity, their wages have specific features.In European countries, convicts receive differentiated wages depending on the work conditions and its complexity, in Scandinavian countries payments are made at free market prices; in China and Japan, convicts do not receive wages but receive free clothes, meals, medical care and a minimum amount of “pocket” money. Summarizing the international experience of convicts`labor use and according to the current conditions of functioning of domestic correctional institutions on organization of production activity in structural units of the Criminal-Executive System, we propose to apply: signing agreements between correctional colonies and private enterprises on the use of convicts’workforce; signing agreements with private entrepreneurs regarding organizing of convicts’ vocational training, in order convicts to be able to get certificates of graduation and to employ after release, and to ensure the development and use of training programs in social rehabilitation centers organized by probation services with the aim of obtaining professional knowledge, skills and primary work experience in a certain specialty.