Правові підстави становлення інституту публічної служби в Україні

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано підходи до організації державної служби в Україні, досліджено нормативні документи становлення державної служби за часів незалежності. Акцентовано увагу на нормативній невизначеності розмежування державної та публічної служби в Україні. Наголошено на тому, що правові засади державної служби в Україні визначаються Законом України «Про державну службу», який був прийнятий у 2015 році. Перші ж подібні Закони були прийняті у 1993 та у 2011 роках. Чинним законодавством визначено роль державної служби та її ознаки, а також умови служби в органах місцевого самоврядування, що фактично є підставою становлення системи публічної служби в Україні.

The article analyzes the approaches to the civil service organization in Ukraine and examines the regulations of the civil service establishment since independence time. The attention is payed to the regulatory uncertainty of the separation of civil and public service in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the legal basis of the civil service in Ukraine is determined by the Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service”, which was adopted in 2015. The first such laws were adopted in 1993 and 2011. The Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” of 1993 for the first time established a special legal status of civil servants - persons authorized to perform state functions. The Civil Service recognized the professional activity of persons holding positions in state bodies and their staff for the practical performance of tasks and functions of the state, receiving salaries at the expense of state funds. The Main Department of the Civil Service under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was designated as the civil service government body in the state bodies. At that time, the procedure for serving in local self-government bodies was not legally regulated in Ukraine, which hampered the establishment of the public service institution in Ukraine. With the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine, there was a division of public service into civil service and service in local self-governments. The Laws of Ukraine “On Local Self-Government in Ukraine” and “On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies” became an additional basis for distinguishing types of public service. In 2011, a new Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” was adopted, which provided for changes in the legal regulation of the civil service in Ukraine. Civil service was recognized as a professional activity of civil servants in preparing proposals for the civil policy formation, ensuring its implementation and provision of administrative services, ie the categories of political positions and positions of civil servants were distinguished. The current legislation defines the role of the civil service and its features, as well as the conditions of service in local governments, which is actually the basis for the public service system formation in Ukraine.