Пенітенціарна проблематика у філософській спадщині Мішеля Фуко

Abstract

У статті здійснено аналіз пенітенціарної проблематики у філософській спадщині французького філософа ХХ ст. Мішеля Фуко. Зроблено висновок про наявність у творчості філософа висвітлення значного кола питань, що стосуються проблем злочину та покарання. Фуко простежує становлення нової моделі сприйняття злочину та покарання в модерному суспільстві. Характерними рисами цієї моделі стає значне її пом’якшення та виникнення і становлення тюремного ув’язнення як головної форми покарання. Виконання карних та дисциплінарних функцій покладено на в’язницю як механізм перевиховання злочинців.

In the article the analysis of penitenciary problematics in a philosophical heritage of Michel Foucault as the French philosopher of XX century is done. The conclusion about the clarification of the philosopher`s creativity presence of significant circle questions which mention the crime and punishment problems is also made. Foucault traces the new model becoming of a crime and punishment perception in a modern society. Characteristic features of this model are its significant mitigation, and the emergence and establishment of imprisonment as the main form of punishment. Execution of criminal and disciplinary functions is assigned to prison, as the mechanism of re-education of criminals. Michel Foucault devotes enough attention to penitentiary issues, developing the concept of changing the perception model of crime and punishment in the society`s transition from feudalism to modernity. Characteristic features of a new model of punishment are its significant "humanization" and the emergence and establishment of imprisonment as the main form of punishment. Punishment is perceived as a compensation of a loss to society, which is determined by the proportionality between the gravity of a crime and a time period of imprisonment. The subject of punishment is the offender`s identity but not the body. At the same time, the idea of tolerance extends to a person, who has committed a crime and intolerance to the crime itself. The main purpose of the punishment along with the prevention of deviant behavior among population and the redemption of a crime by the convicts is the offender`s resocialization and re-education. The fulfillment of the mentioned functions in modern society is assigned to prison, as an "effective" mechanism for reforming criminals in the eyes of authorities and society.