Актуальні проблеми забезпечення міжнародних гарантій релігійної свободи та конституційного права на свободу віросповідання в Україні

Abstract

У статті досліджено базові міжнародні гарантії релігійної свободи, що задекларовані в Загальній декларації прав людини, Міжнародному пакті про громадянські і політичні права, Конвенції про захист прав людини та основоположних свобод. Здійнено аналіз відповідності норм Конституції України та профільного національного законодавства універсальним міжнародним актам стосовно забезпечення прав вірян і релігійних громад. Проаналізовано актуальні проблеми в релігійній сфері сучасного українського суспільства, що характеризуються деструктивними процесами навколо об’єднавчого процесу українського православ’я.

The basic international guarantees of religious freedom are examined in the article, which are declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention for the Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. A systematic analysis is done of the compliance of the Constitution of Ukraine and relevant national legislation with universal international acts in terms of ensuring the rights of believers and religious communities. Current problems are generalized in the religious sphere of modern Ukrainian society, which characterized by destructive processes around the unification process of Ukrainian Orthodoxy, interfaith conflicts and violations of religious freedom in the occupied territories. The conclusions and recommendations are analyzed of the UN and the OSCE on the growth of acts of violence, inaction of law enforcement agencies and the adoption of legislation that negatively affected the fundamental freedoms of citizens in Ukraine in the religious sphere. The specifics of the administrative influence of the state in the religious sphere are revealed, the limits of such influence are revealed, which are connected with practical aspects of religious activity, religious relations, creation and functioning of religious organizations, as well as another part of the sphere of religion, which is outside the scope of such influence by the state. Given the multiethnicity and poly-confessional Ukrainian society, approaches are outlined to improving the state policy of Ukraine are outlined in the religion sphere in accordance with European principles of worldview tolerance, tolerance of other people’s beliefs and other values and EU neutrality in the religion. In the conditions of aggravation of confessional relations in Ukraine and for the purpose of ordering of religious space, it is proposed to introduce into public administration practice a conceptual model of public administration in the sphere of ensuring religious security.