Щодо принципів застосування заходів заохочення та стягнення під час виконання покарання у виді позбавлення волі

Abstract

Стаття присвячена аналізу змісту специфічних принципів кримінально- виконавчого права заохочення та стягнення, визначення їх ролі у системі засад кримінально-виконавчого права, критеріїв їх відмежування від інститутів заохочення та стягнення у кримінально-виконавчому законодавстві, а також пропозицій щодо їх формування у системі кримінально-виконавчого права. Для забезпечення ефективності процесу впровадження заохочень і стягнень принципи його практичної реалізації повинні бути відображені у формі конкретних вимог, які пред’являються до цього виду діяльності, на рівні закону або хоча б відомчого нормативного акта. Encouragement and punishment are legal institutes of criminal-executive law, which are characterized by their own specific system of principles, aimed to fulfill the role of direction and development of this institution, ensuring the consistency and logic of the process of law-making and enforcement activities. The system of principles of institutes of encouragement and punishment in the execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment are: 1) general legal principles; 2) intersectoral principles; 3) the principles of criminal-executive law, the process of execution and serving of criminal punishment; 4) special principles of the institutions of encouragement and punishment. Despite the important role of the general legal and sectoral principles of criminal-executive law, the main essence and content of the activity of the penitentiary administration on the use of measures of encouragement and punishment to convicted persons is disclosed in the specific principles inherent in this activity, which are usually carried out by the very practice of applying of encouragement and punishment. These include the principles of saving impetus and repression (in order not to devalue those encouraged and punished, it should be frugally used); utility / discommodity (encouragement should be beneficial to the person encouraged and vice versa); chance (every person who has got into a certain system of impetus should have a chance to get this stimulus); timeliness (encouragement and punishment should be applied in a timely manner and, as a rule, immediately after the action taken); information content (a person must be well aware of the procedure, terms, conditions of use of encouragement and punishment); comprehensibility (the encouragement and punishment as well as the ways of obtaining them, should be simple and understandable from the first reading); theavailability of the calculation (the person himself has to calculate the possibility of receiving of encouragement and punishment and decide whether additional energy should be paid for their receipt); the struggle of motives (the person is simultaneously exposed to various stimuli, for example, positive and negative, whilethe main is those which in this situation is stronger); personalization (exclusively individual usage of encouragement and punishment); proportionality (both encouragement and punishment must satisfy the nature and degree of action); guaranty (any action should be noted either positively or negatively). So, the principles of the use of encouragement and punishment, as elements ofthe legal form of this type of activity, is its theoretical basis, the rules that reflect the most common features of encouragement and punishment and act as legal requirements. Therefore, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of encouragement and punishment, the principles of its practical implementation should be reflected in the form of specific requirements for this type of activity, at the level of law or at least a departmental normative act. This will lead to a single denominator of the activities of all subjects of execution in Ukraine and create conditions that will support the effectiveness of the process of encouragement and punishment of the persons convicted, which will ultimately ensure the effective execution of this sentence.