Порівняльно-правовий аналіз позбавлення волі як виду покарання, що призначається неповнолітнім, за законодавством України, Республіки Польща та Литовської Республіки

Abstract

У статті проведено порівняльний аналіз позбавлення волі як виду покарання, що призначається неповнолітнім в Україні, Республіці Польща та Литовській Республіці. Порівняно строки застосування такого виду покарання у цих державах. Проаналізовано мету застосування цього виду покарання. Визначено установи, в яких неповнолітні відбувають покарання у виді позбавлення волі. Наведено пропозиції з урахуванням позитивного зарубіжного досвіду щодо вдосконалення національного законодавства у сфері виконання покарання у виді позбавлення волі стосовно неповнолітніх.

A comparative analysis of imprisonment as a type of punishment imposed on minors in Ukraine, the Republic of Poland, and the Republic of Lithuania was conducted in the article. The term of applying the punishment in these states was compared. It was stated that life imprisonment was not applied to juveniles in all three states, and the terms of punishment were milder than in the same sentence for adults. It was determined that the age from which imprisonment was imposed in Ukraine and Lithuania were identical. However, this age differed in Poland, where it was one year higher. The purpose of punishment in the form of imprisonment was analyzed. It was noted that the key place was given to the correction of convicts and crime prevention, as the main purpose of this type of punishment. Institutions where juveniles were serving sentences of imprisonment were compared. It was determined that in all these states, juvenile convicts were kept in specialized penitentiary institutions for juveniles, where they were kept separate from other categories of convicts. It was determined that in Lithuania convicts could be left in correctional facilities for juveniles until they reached the age of twenty-one, and in Ukraine for a year longer, which provided an additional opportunity to consolidate the correctional influence. Polish law stipulates that convicts will serve a sentence of imprisonment in juvenile correctional facilities until they reach the age of twenty-one and provides for the possibility of remaining there after reaching the age of twenty-one. It was concluded that in Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania imprisonment as a type of punishment imposed on minors is quite similar, but each of these states has its own characteristics and rules of law that could improve national legislation. The proposals were presented taking into account the positive foreign experience in improving the national legislation in the field of execution of imprisonment for minors.