Використання знань у галузі технічних наук під час розслідування злочинів проти безпеки виробництва

Abstract

У статті йдеться про можливості використання знань у галузі технічних наук під час розслідування злочинів проти безпеки виробництва. З позицій міждисциплінарного підходу визначено можливості використання технічних знань під час розслідування злочинів проти безпеки виробництва. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо використання таких знань залежно від їх виду та конкретного складу злочинів, передбачених ст. 271–275 Кримінального кодексу України. Розкрито особливості проведення експертиз, конкретизовано предмет, об’єкти для проведення експертиз із урахуванням специфіки злочинів проти безпеки виробництва.

The article is dedicated to researching a number of topical issues concerning the use of special knowledge in the field of engineering and industrial technology sciences while investigating crimes against production safety. The genesis of scientific knowledge concerning special knowledge using while investigating crimes related to violation of safety rules in the workplace at different historical periods is analyzed. Theoretical foundations of the concept and forms of special knowledge using are defined and their peculiarities are revealed in order to investigate crimes against production safety. It is grounded that the criterion for distinguishing well-known and special knowledge is the necessity to use them in criminal proceedings. It is determined due to the subject of special knowledge using (except cases required by law when the use of special knowledge is compulsory). Recommendations on special knowledge using while conducting certain investigative (search) actions that are the most common in the practice of investigating the crimes under Art. 271-275 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are proposed. The most widespread expert reviews in the practice of investigating these crimes are determined. They are: engineering and technical expert review on life and occupational safety and health, conducted to investigate the circumstances of an accident at work in order to determine its causes and mechanism, as well as persons responsible for safety, delineation their powers and areas of responsibility; electrical and technical expert review that is made in order to investigate engineering facilities containing electrical components, mostly for identifying the causes of production equipment failure and/or a breakdown, an accident; forensic medicine expert review that is intended in order to clarify issues related to personal injury, and above all, to determine material (technical) cause of an injury, to determine the nature of an object that caused the injury, mechanism of the injury.