Характеристика основних типів легітимності влади в поглядах М. Вебера

Abstract

У статті розглянуто основні проблеми визначення поняття «легітимності влади». Висвітлено основні позиції теорії М. Вебера стосовно легітимності влади. Визначено специфіку цього інституту. На основі аналізу поглядів М. Вебера сформовано авторське розуміння поняття легітимності влади. Під час дослідження основних положень теорії М. Вебера визначено три можливих типи легітимності (домінування) залежно від їх джерел. The main problems of the concept definition of "legitimacy of power" are considered in the article. The main points of M. Weber’s theory regarding the legitimacy of power are also highlighted in the article. The specifics of this institute are determined. Based on the analysis of M. Weber’s views, the author’s understanding of the concept of power legitimacy was formed. By exploring the basic persuasions of Weber`s theory, there are identified three possible types of legitimacy (domination), depending on their sources. The problem of power legitimacy is emphasized to be one of the most practically oriented one in modern political science and specific to the political situation, history, mentality and traditions of a certain society. There are no universal concepts, so any researcher can contribute to the development of this global, actual and important problem of creating and maintaining the proper level of a state`s vitality, society and opportunities for individual self-realization. Legitimacy is a central element of the phenomenon that Weber called "political domination", which envisages such a social order which are ordered and executed. However, the execution of orders, according to Weber, can be achieved not only with the use of force. The main thing is that any government operates within the framework of certain socially developed laws and rules of coexistence and is based on these norms in its activity. If the rules are recognized by the majority in society, one can be sure that the state government has a solid foundation, a legitimate basis for its actions. Power legitimacy can be seen as one of the most important resources, allowing much less restriction in their actions. Such freedom of action gives the government a choice: to use existing power, to realize only their own interests that are contrary to the public, or to carry out socio-economic development for the society`s benefit as a whole.