Аналіз законодавчого регулювання юридичної відповідальності за порушення антикорупційного законодавства в зарубіжних країнах

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано види юридичної відповідальності, яка настає за порушення антикорупційного законодавства в зарубіжних країнах. Зокрема, розкрито особливості притягнення до цивільно-правової, адміністративної та кримінальної відповідальності. Досліджено закріплення різних видів відповідальності в нормативно правових актах зарубіжних країн. Окрему увагу приділено питанню відповідальності юридичних осіб за вчинення порушення законодавства у сфері запобігання корупції.

The article analyzes the types of legal liability for violation of anti-corruption legislation in foreign countries. In particular, the article reveales the peculiarities of bringing to civil, аdministrative and criminal liability. The consolidation of different types of responsibility in the regulations of foreign countries is studied with its common and distinctive features. It is also established that as a type of legal liability, civil liability is not integrated into civil law, unlike administrative and criminal law. Most often, civil law mechanisms are not provided in civil, but in anticorruption legislation and other legislations. In foreign countries much more widely is applied administrative liability for the corruption actions against both individuals and legal entities, the rules of which can also be found in anticorruption legislation, laws on interest conflicts, codes of administrative violations. As for criminal liability for violating the corruption legislation, it exists in all countries, where the list of prohibited acts of corruption is periodically updated depending on the emergence of new corruption threats and risks. The emphasis is placed on the fact that foreign countries use various mechanisms to bring legal entities to justice, but most often such rules are contained in criminal codes. Another mechanism for introducing the institution of criminal liability of legal entities is the adoption of special laws on criminal liability for legal entities, the common features of which are: the definition of the main features of criminal liability of legal entities; transfer of body of crime for which legal entities are responsible; references to criminal, criminal-procedural and criminal-executive legislation, according to which the investigation and consideration of criminal cases on crimes committed by legal entities, as well as the execution of sentences are carried out in the general order. The article analyses the sanctions that can be applied in committing a corruption crime. Particular attention is paid to the liability of legal entities for violations of legislation in the field of prevention of corruption and sanctions applied to legal entities.