Фікція Закону України про кримінальну відповідальність

Abstract

У статті розглянуто складові такого особливого виду покарання, як довічне позбавлення волі. Автори переконані, що запровадження до чинного Закону України про кримінальну відповідальність норми щодо звільнення довічно засуджених умовно-достроково є позицією необґрунтованою та помилковою, яка викликає багато протиріч у правильності юридичних конструкцій і називається в юриспруденції кримінально-правовою фікцією. Such components of a specific criminal punishment as life imprisonment are examined in the article. To this day, the issue of the application of parole to life imprisonment convicts remains opened and there are lively discussions among theoreticians and practitioners on the feasibility of introducing this institution to life imprisonment convicts. The article analyzes the different views of different lawyers who insist on changes in the legislation, proving the ineffectiveness of the existing legal norm in their scientific papers regarding pardoning the lifelong convicts by the decree of the President of Ukraine, and they insist on the expediency of introducing a conditional early release. There are other opinions of scientists who are categorically against it and they believe that under today’s correction of Art. 81 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the court cannot resolve such an issue even after pardoning the convicted person and replacing life imprisonment with imprisonment for a certain period of time. Moreover, the expediency of applying this type of exemption from serving a sentence to persons sentenced to life imprisonment is denied. The author presents the well-founded position on this issue. The proposed innovations of the law on criminal liability may lead to an incorrect legal construction of a legal norm, a misinterpretation of a criminal legal norm, to fiction. The use of fiction in criminal law is that they serve as means of implementing the policy of the legislator. Criminal-legal fiction is a technical-legal technique used by the legislator in the norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, with the help of which criminal and legal relations are organized and established, which are expressed in the recognition of non-existent facts as existing ones and vice versa, in order to simplify the interpretation of certain phenomena.