Ретроспективний аналіз відмежування порушень від злочинів та проступків за кримінальним законодавством Франції

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано один з перших кримінальних законів, який мав суттєвий вплив на європейське кримінальне законодавство та відмежував злочини і проступки від порушень. Проведено аналогію видів порушень за Кримінальним кодексом Франції 1810 року з адміністративними проступками, що визначені українським законодавством. Визначено повноваження поліцейських судів. Розглянуто можливість регламентувати адміністративні проступки спеціальним галузевим законодавством без створення кодифікованого акта. The article provides the analysis of one of the first criminal laws that almost for two centuries had an essential impact on European criminal law. It was the first law that differentiated between crimes, offences, and violations. Such differentiation has survived till these days. Besides, the Article draws an analogy between the types of contraventions under the Criminal Code of France 1810 and the administrative offenses provided for by the Code of Ukraine on the Administrative Offenses. The Article provides an insight into the modern development of French Administrative and Torts Law and into the determination of the police courts authorities. It was found that although the “French” sub-system of law provides for the differentiation between the Administrative and Torts Law and criminal law, such differentiation is just theoretical. On the one hand, the punishment exists in the form of a fine and the types of contraventions are not regulated by the criminal code which makes its criminal character quite doubtful. On the other hand, however, the procedure of the administration of punishment through the imposition of sentence, deprivation of social rights, and seizure of property, as well as the complete regulation of the mentioned issues by the criminal, criminal and procedural laws testify to inseparability of the administrative offenses from the sphere of the criminal law. The article considers the possibility of the regulation of the Administrative and Torts Law of Ukraine so that the types of non-criminal offenses in analogy with the French law are regulated by the industry-specific law without the creation of the codified act in contrast to the outdated Code of Ukraine on the Administrative Offenses.