Застосування альтернативних позбавленню волі покарань (у різних країнах світу)

Abstract

У статті досліджуються правові системи світу в частині альтернативних позбавленню волі покарань. Автори дійшли висновку, що серед таких покарань найчастіше трапляються штрафи як покарання за скоєні злочини, як вид певної грошової компенсації. У статті зазначається, що, крім штрафу, поширеним покаранням, що не пов’язане з позбавленням волі, є встановлення нагляду (пробація) та електронного спостереження.

The article examines the legal systems of European countries in terms of alternative punishments to deprivation of liberty. Legal systems of serving sentences mainly consist of criminal, criminal executive and penitentiary codes. It is they who determine the very system of punishments of the country, the procedure for serving punishments and the possibility of an alternative when choosing a punishment. Alternative punishments should be considered to be those that can replace imprisonment or restriction of liberty. An alternative such as probation is associated with restriction of freedom in Ukraine. Among the alternatives in other countries, fines are the most common. Fines are imposed for crimes for which damages can be compensated in monetary terms. But not all such consequences of criminal offenses can be changed to monetary compensation: this should be provided for in the criminal code. In addition, a widespread punishment abroad is the establishment of supervision in the form of probation. Such type of punishment as installation of electronic surveillance is widespread. The punishment consists in installing a means of electronic monitoring on the suspect's body for a period of up to one year. Other types of punishments include: probation, other types of supervision, conditional sentence, conditional release from serving the sentence, treatment for alcohol or drug addiction, treatment of mental disorder. One of the similar Ukrainian punishments is community service, which is actively used as an alternative to imprisonment in Estonia and France. The author also points out the current problems associated with the implementation of the European alternative experience. Among them are martial law, the economic crisis, the workload of law enforcement officers, the presence of Soviet elements in certain types of punishments.