Віктимологічна профілактика домашнього насильства

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано індивідуальну віктимність жертв домашнього насильства. Увагу сконцентровано на факторах, які визначають динаміку кримінальних правопорушень, пов’язаних з домашнім насильством, – неусвідомлювані установки особи, що реалізуються як сценарій жертви. Не завжди віктимна поведінка може бути скоригована без звернення до сфери неусвідомлюваної жертви. Визначено певні причини низької ефективності різних віктимологічних заходів профілактики, пов’язаних з нерозумінням витоків подібної поведінки. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of victimological prevention of domestic violence. An analysis of the factors determining the dynamics of criminal offenses related to domestic violence was carried out. The authors identify certain reasons for the low effectiveness of various victimological prevention measures related to the lack of understanding of the origins of such behavior. The authors also emphasize the need to increase the professionalism and responsibility of law enforcement agents in domestic violence proceedings, which will allow for proper risk assessment, as well as to exclude victim-blaming and secondary victimization. Knowledge of patterns and causes of victim behavior will allow these subjects to provide effective professional victimological counseling, develop preventive measures, and choose effective means of influencing the individual in order to prevent victimization. In turn, this will stimulate the resolution of intra-family problems, provide a professional response to the victim's scenario, and provide an opportunity to develop rehabilitation programs for working with the family as a whole: both with the aggressor and with the victim. The specified areas in their totality form a system of successful individual victimological prevention of domestic violence. The authors came to the conclusion that when implementing individual victimological prevention of domestic violence, it is very important to have an understanding of models of victim behavior, methods of implementation and translation of learned victim norms. Victimological counseling is gaining relevance as a way of providing necessary, decent and sufficient help to victims of domestic violence. It is noted that individual victimological prevention measures will not be fully effective without such factors preventing victim behavior as unconscious attitudes. Therefore, any process of reintegration and readaptation of the victims should include psychotherapeutic counseling, preferably both on the part of the aggressor and the victim to understand the patterns of behavior that cause violence.