До питання про поняття легалізації коштів, отриманих злочинним шляхом

Abstract

У статті розглянуто питання стосовно поняття легалізації доходів, одержаних злочинним шляхом. Проаналізовано різні наукові та правові підходи, що стосуються вказаної проблеми. Легалізація («відмивання») доходів, одержаних незаконним шляхом – умисне діяння щодо надання законного виду користування, володіння або розпорядження доходами, отриманими завідомо незаконним шляхом. Метою публікації є поглиблення знань про «відмивання» «брудних» коштів та вироблення рекомендацій, спрямованих на розробку відповідних методик та вдосконалення нормативних актів у сфері протидії цьому соціальному злу.

The world’s community is aware of its vulnerability to organized crime, that has an international and transnational character, takes drastic actions to combat this evil. The issue of struggling with money laundering is caused by the necessity of preventing the financing of various forms of organized crime, the liquidation of its economic basis,for commiting such crimes as terrorism, hostage-taking, bribery of state officials, etc., A lot of countries have been faced with these isssues. The problem of combating with the legalization of funds is one of the issues of anticorruption organizations in Ukraine. The legalization of funds received by criminsl way is the subject of attention of law enforcement authorities in Europe and America. Criminalization of economy, the theft of budget funds, the lack of legislation that would enable the effective fight against the crimes of this direction and the specialized state body caused to the legalization of funds received by criminal way. We should add that the legalization of criminal incomes in Ukraine leads to a reduction in the efficiency of reforms, creates great difficulties and obstacles to investments. At the same time, it contributes to the criminalization of the economy, the penetration of organized crime in it. The social danger of legalization (laundering) of the funds received by criminal law is that it can cause significant damage to legal economic activity, to create the material basis for organized crime, to destabilize the functioning of the financial and credit system, to decrease the level of trust in it, to intensify inflation processes and to devalue the national monetary unit, to strengthen unfair competition and property stratification of society, deterioration of the international image of Ukraine. We can state that: - The world community and its state structures are interested in transparency of economic relations and counteraction to illegal criminal business; - The concept of "laundering" of money should be considered in the broad, and in the narrow sense. In the broad sense, "laundering" of dirty money is a set of methods, techniques, procedures that allow money to be obtained from illegal activities, transfer them to other assets in order to conceal the true origin, genuine owners or other aspects that could indicate a violation legislation; - In the narrow sense it is the act connected with the transfer of funds received by criminal way (and in some countries, unlawful) to the legal sphere of circulation, and for which national and international law provides for criminal or other types of liability.