Особливості реалізації права на освіту в Україні: аналітично-правовий огляд

Abstract

У статті зроблено аналітично-правовий огляд механізму реалізації права кожного на освіту. Проаналізовано такі поняття, як “освіта” та “право на освіту”. Надано характеристику окремим положенням міжнародних актів, Конституції України, законам України, якими врегульовано механізм реалізації права на освіту. Сформульовано висновки, в яких визначено правовий аспект реалізації права на освіту, зазначено його подвійний зміст (може бути і правом, і обов’язком) та особливості правового регулювання на різних освітянських рівнях. The article addresses to the issues of implementation of the citizens` rights to education in Ukraine. It is noted that Ukrainian legislation aimed at ensuring the right to education is created considering international standards. The last standards are defined in international acts recognized by Ukraine. They contributed to the formation and development of the legal space in Ukraine and the formation of general principles for the realization of the right to education. The article states that the current legislation of Ukraine ensures the availability and free preschool, general secondary, vocational and higher education. It is carried out both in state educational institutions and educational institutions of local self-government bodies. Ukrainian legislation promotes the development of different types and levels of education. The right to education is implemented by the system of state guarantees for education. The article analyzes such concepts as education and the right to education. As a result, a number of rights and freedoms have been established for citizens in the field of educational activity. The basic principles of legal regulation in the sphere of education are analyzed: the provision of the right of every person to education; the inadmissibility of discrimination in education; free general secondary education and higher education; a competitive approach to higher education in public educational institutions. Some perspectives of the right to education in the context of the new Law of Ukraine "On Education" are considered. The emergence of such types as informal and informal education is expected. There are expectations that the latter can bring the content of education and teaching methods closer to the interests and needs of a particular applicant. It also provides for the right of applicants for education to an individual educational trajectory, which will ensure the freedom to choose the type, form and intensity of education, as well as the right to a fair and objective assessment of learning outcomes.