Проблемні аспекти виконання покарання у виді арешту стосовно засуджених військовослужбовців

Abstract

У статті здійснено аналіз положень кримінального та міжнародного законодавства, що регламентують порядок застосування до військовослужбовців покарання у виді арешту. Доведено, що основною метою існування цього інституту є охорона суспільних відносин, що виникають й існують між державою та військовослужбовцем (військовозобов’язаним або резервістом) у процесі несення ним відповідного виду військової служби. Виокремлено низку проблемних питань, пов’язаних з невідповідністю чинного вітчизняного законодавства положенням Європейських пенітенціарних правил. The article analyzes the provisions of criminal law and international law governing the punishment in the form of arrest of servicemen. It is determined that the studied type of criminal punishment in relation to servicemen has its own specifics since servicemen serve their sentences directly during military service. Therefore, in the process of serving a sentence in the form of arrest, convicted servicemen do not lose their special status, which is regulated by departmental normative-legal acts. The theory of criminal law of Ukraine and judicial practice are proved to not previously know such a type of criminal punishment as arrest. It is determined that of special interest are the issues of studying the peculiarities of the execution of punishment in the form of arrest of convicted servicemen, as well as the compliance of domestic legislation with international law. Among the main problems of the legislation of Ukraine, which regulates thelegal procedure for execution and serving a sentence in the form of arrest by convicted servicemen, it is singled out the inconsistency of domestic legislation with international standards. There is the need to involve qualified personnel to work with convicted servicemen, who must be carefully selected, properly trained, paid for at the professional level and have a status that is respected in civil society. The European Penitentiary Regulations stipulate that before personnel can take up their duties, they must undergo a training course in the performance of their general and specific tasks and pass theoretical and practical examinations, and a training course must be completed for all personnel, including a study of international and regional instruments and norms in the field of human rights protection, particularly the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The analysis of domestic and international law indicates that special attention should be paid to the rules that ensure the right of a convicted serviceman to medical care, the convict’s right to purchase food and basic necessities, the right to visit relatives and friends, telephone conversations, the right to convicts’ separate detention of different sexes, the right to respect for their dignity, etc. Therefore, the reforms implementation in the penitentiary sphere is quite appropriate at present. First of all, it is necessary to bring military penitentiary institutions in line with the requirements of international legal acts that determine the rules for the treatment of convicts and prisoners, as most of them are not recommended, but mandatory.