Історіографія штрафу як виду покарання неповнолітніх у період Великого князівства Литовського

Abstract

Автор статті розглядає формування кримінального права через призму історичного розвитку ювенального права з урахуванням покарань майнового впливу, заснованого на державно-правових формах, фактах та явищах, які мають істотне значення і виступають як рушійна сила на етапах становлення українського суспільства. Проаналізовано основні джерела кримінального права, такі як: Судебник князя Казимира IV 1468 р., Литовські статути 1529, 1566, 1588 рр. Кримінальна відповідальність у ті часи наставала із семилітнього віку. Вищевказані історичні джерела встановлювали такі види майнових покарань: нав’язка, конфіскація майна, головщина. Мета цих покарань була направлена на відшкодування шкоди, завданої кримінальним правопорушенням. The author of the article examines the formation of criminal law, through the prism of the historical development of juvenile law, taking into account the punishments of property influence, based on state legal forms, facts and phenomena that are of significant importance and act as a driving force at the stages of the formation of Ukrainian society. The article examines the issue of normative legal support for the formation of criminal law during the period of creation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as part of the Ukrainian lands, and analyzes its main sources that were active in that period, namely: Court of Prince Casimir IV 1468, Lithuanian statutes 1529, 1566, 1588 yr. It was investigated which criminal penalties of a property nature were in force at that time and which could be applied to juvenile offenders. Persons over the age of 16, both nobles and persons without any status, were subject to criminal liability. It has been established that Casimir's Court of Justice determined that for theft committed for the first time, the offender was punished with a fine, in case of lack of property, with corporal punishment. The Lithuanian Statute of 1529 contained norms that the punishment for insulting a nobleman was imprisonment, while at that time, insulting a non-nobleman was punishable by a fine. The Lithuanian Statute of 1566, which stipulates that in the event of a criminal offense committed by a nobleman who has not reached the age of 14, he is not held liable for committing the crime, but the damage caused must be removed by parents or relatives from part of his estate , in case of lack of funds, the minor nobleman must be surrendered. In turn, in the Lithuanian Statute of 1588, there were such types of property punishments as a fine for theft, as well as punishment in the form of monetary penalties (holovshchyna), "if a person of simple rank killed another person of simple rank.