Співвідношення Женевських конвенцій (1949 р.) з конституційним та військовим законодавством України: правовий аналіз

Abstract

У статті досліджено співвідношення Женевських конвенцій ООН (1949 р.) з конституційним та військовим законодавством України. Зазначено, що в контексті таких цінностей, як свобода, недопущення дискримінації, справедливість, відповідальність конституційне законодавство та Женевські конвенції (1949 р.) мають багато спільного. Проаналізовано механізм реалізації норм Женевських конвенцій ООН (1949 р.) через військове законодавство України та встановлено їхню смислову схожість.

The essence of the Geneva Conventions (1949), which deal with the protection of persons under the rule of the protecting state during the war are summarized in the article. The correspondence of the norms of the constitutional legislation of Ukraine with the Geneva Conventions (1949) in the context of such values as freedom, non-discrimination, justice, responsibility is studied. It is found out that the Constitution of Ukraine and some constitutional laws contain norms concerning the rights and freedoms of persons, including war prisoners and civilians, who needs protection. These norms coincide with the requirements of the Geneva Conventions (1949). But the norms of constitutional law are local in their nature, and international norms are universal ones. It is noted that the constitutional legislation and the Geneva Conventions (1949) have certain collisions. Some acts of military legis lation of Ukraine and their correspondence the Geneva Conventions (1949) are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which defines the obligations of certain categories of persons to comply with international humanitarian law. Among them are the Assistant Brigade Commander for Legal Affairs and Chief Sergeants of the Battalion, Troop and Platoon. It is mentioned that such approach allows not only to implement the rules of the Geneva Conventions (1949), but also to control this process. The conformity of bylaws of the military legislation of Ukraine to the requirements of the Geneva Conventions (1949) is revealed. It is stated that, among other things, these acts define the information about war victims, namely: wounded and sick, persons who suffered from a shipwreck, war prisoners and others whose freedom is restricted due to armed conflict, civilians at the occupied territories. The conclusions state that the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the constitutional and military legislation of Ukraine protect the rights and freedoms of war victims, although they need some unification.