Захист деяких прав людини в епоху цифровізації: проблеми та перспективи в Україні

Abstract

У статті визначено поняття цифровізації, переваги та деякі ризики цифровізації, що виникають у сфері захисту прав людини. Проаналізовано систему чинного законодавства України, що покликано захищати права людини в процесі розвитку цифрових технологій. Цифровізація має як багато переваг, так і становить великі загрози базовим цінностям у галузі прав людини. Чинне законодавство України щодо захисту прав людини в умовах цифровізації є недосконалим і потребує доопрацювання.

Digitization is the process of creating an all-encompassing cyber-physical space through total digitization with the aim of increasing efficiency, effectiveness, quality and reducing the cost of economic, social and personal activities. Digitization has both many advantages and great threats to basic values in the field of human rights. The most important digital rights of a citizen are currently considered to be the right to confidentiality, anonymity, and depersonalization of already digitized personal information. A very serious violation of human rights in the conditions of digitalization is the leakage of personal data. One of the problems associated with the violation of human rights is the socalled "digital divide", that is, unequal access to technology and the deepening of the technological gap between countries and within countries. In the financial sphere, the issue of electronic money cannot be ignored. The introduction of the electronic money system has many advantages: mobility; automation of monetary transactions; lack of human factor; absence of production costs; ease of use. However, the gradual phasing out of cash in many countries poses a serious threat to the financial system, as too much reliance on digital payment systems can leave you vulnerable to catastrophic failures in the event of cyber-attacks or power outages. Cash has two of the most important qualities that are always in demand, namely: stability in the event of a power outage or during cyber-attacks; this is the most democratic (free from state and corporate control) payment method. The current legislation in Ukraine regarding the protection of human rights in the context of digitalization is imperfect and needs to be revised.