Насильство у сім’ї щодо дітей: кримінологічний аспект

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано причини вчинення насильства, щодо дітей у сім’ї. Визначено, що протиправні дії по відношенню до дітей у більшості випадків супроводжуються агресією, приниженням та образами. Виокремлено не тільки причини, що спричиняють насильство у сім’ї, а й наслідки такої протиправної діяльності, що негативним чином відображаються як на фізичному так і на психічному розвитку дитини. Доведено, що саме на державу покладено обов’язок створення безпечного середовища для запобігання домашньому насильству, щодо дітей; розробки дієвого механізму захисту дітей потерпілих від домашнього насильства; справедливого покарання кривдників. The paper analyzes the causes of violence against children in the family. Among the causes such are singled out: a low level of education, low income, presence of disability or mental health problems, lack of selfacceptance, alcohol and drug abuse, history of violence. Precisely the lack of an emotional connection between children and parents or guardians, poor parenting practices, dysfunctional families, long separations (earnings for living, running away), communication with delinquent peers, as well as being in the role of a witness in a family where violence is committed against family members are all the domestic causes of violence against children. The paper proves that poverty, war, refugees, easy access to alcohol and firearms, illegal drug trafficking, social and gender norms that create a climate in which violence is normalized, health, economic, educational and social policies that support economic, gender and social inequality, lack of social protection or its insufficiency, post-conflict situations or natural disasters, a situation with weak governance and unsatisfactory law enforcement, a low level ofprevention and timely response to acts of violence against children are all among the general social causes of violence. The arguments are provided in the research regarding the type classification of violence committed against children, both in the family and among peers. It is established that it was the ratification of the Istanbul Convention that changed the legislator’s view on the concept of domestic violence, and also introduced the concepts of a victimized child and a child who witnessed domestic violence into the criminal legislation of Ukraine. Taking into account all the possible causes for committing violence, a number of negative consequences of such illegal behavior on the part of the offender against children have been determined. Violent actions are noted to be committed against a child lead to severe injuries, impair the development of the brain and nervous system, as well as the endocrine, circulatory, locomotor, reproductive, respiratory and immune systems, which will have negative consequences for a child throughout life. Children who have experienced violence and other illegal acts are significantly more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol and drugs, lead an immoral lifestyle, havespontaneous unprotected sexual contacts and multiple sexual partners, have high levels of anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems, as well as show a tendency to suicide and organ damage. It is proposed to introduce a list of prohibitions into the criminal legislation of Ukraine which in combination with the punishment for committing violence against children, must be imposed by the court on the convicted person, in particular: the obligation to hand over weapons that are in the legal possession of the offender; to pay temporary alimony for the duration of the restraining order or serving the sentence; suspend parental rights while serving the sentence; to pay the mortgage and pay utilities for the apartment where a child lives, a lifetime ban on working with children, changing the surname, first name, patronymic or gender of persons convicted of sexual acts against children.